PARENTS CAN HELP KIDS GET OVER THEIR FEARS家長可協助孩子克服恐懼3

Fear of Severe Weather

Why it’s common:

Because instances of severe weather are few and far between, children don’t have much experience of how to react.

How to overcome it:

“Make sure they know what to do if the severe weather happens,” Begotka said. Do this by making a map of the house with directions of what to do and where to go.

Dealing With Scared Kids

Pediatric psychologist Andrea Begotka and clinical psychologist Kathleen Longeway offer tips on how to handle a scared child:

l  The key to overcoming a fear is gradual exposure. This means you shouldn’t pressure your child into engaging with their fear immediately, but do so little by little, and at the child’s pace. This is the way to help overcome fears of clowns, spiders, dogs, etc.

l  Children model their parent’s behavior. When a child sees you acting calmly in a scary situation, he or she will learn to react the same way.

l  A security object can be used for multiple fears.

l  A fear becomes a phobia when the fear interferes with your child’s day-to-day functioning, or if it causes excessive anxiety. If you’re concerned, discuss it with your child’s pediatrician.

【Grammar on the go】

….you shouldn’t pressure your child into engaging with their fear immediately…

to pressure someone into doing something

to make someone feel they must do something and they can’t say no

Ex:

 The saleswoman was trying to pressure me into buying her products.

When a teenager struggles with peer pressure, it means he has friends or classmates who are pressuring him into doing things he doesn’t want to do.

【Chat room】

eager、anxious 都可以表達渴望h

但anxious帶有憂慮、不安的成分

anxious是和anxiety相關的

如果你很迫不及待的想見到你的朋友，你應該說：

I’m eager to see my friends.

而不該用：

I’m anxious to see my friends.

除非你對見到朋友這件事感到焦慮

【Key word】

Few and far between 很少、不常發生

This kind of job offer is few and far between. You’d better grab this opportunity.

這麼好的工作機會很少，你最好要把握住這次機會

Exposure 暴露、接觸

Early exposure to all kinds of music styles helped this child become a natural musician.

Intense exposure to the sun can cause severe sunburn.

大量的暴晒在陽光下可能會引起嚴重的晒傷

Phobia恐懼症

Miranda has a phobia of mice. She gets hysterical when she sees one.

Miranda對老鼠有恐懼症，她看到一隻老鼠就會歇斯底里。

Claustrophobia 幽閉恐懼症

PARENTS CAN HELP KIDS GET OVER THEIR FEARS 家長可協助孩子克服恐懼2

Fear of Dogs

Why it’s common:

This is often because of a bad experience with a dog, but it also happens when children are unfamiliar with dogs.

How to overcome it:

Begotka said parents should teach their child the proper way to introduce themselves to dogs. Children can turn to the side slightly so if the dog jumps on them, they won’t get hurt. Before petting a dog, the child should hold out his or her hand and allow the dog to sniff it.

Fear of the Dark

Why it’s common:

“In the dark, they don’t know what’s in the room with them,” Begotka said. “Their minds are imaginative at that age, so they can imagine things that are really scary.”

How to overcome it:

Begotka and Longeway both recommended a nightlight, a tactic that helped Emily Clearwater when she was afraid of the dark. Begotka and Longeway also recommend giving the child a security object, like a blanket or a teddy bear.

Fear of Needles

Why it’s common:

“It causes some sort of discomfort,” Begotka said. “It’s scary to have something poking something into you.”

How to overcome it:

This is another opportunity for a special security object, which can be given to the child for reassurance. Begotka also suggested distracting a child by talking about something else while the shot is administered, holding the child or telling the child to count how long it takes.

【Chat room】

Parents can help kids get over their fears.

Get over

Overcome打敗、征服、克服

How do you overcome your fear?

〔注意不是Come over〕

用被動語態：

To be overcome心理上被壓倒、淹沒

看完一部賺人熱淚的電影

Overcome with sadness

=Get choked up 喉嚨梗咽 (意指：感動到落淚)

【Key word】

unfamiliar 不熟悉

Karen is unfamiliar with our computer operating system. We need to give her a hand.

Karen對我們電腦的運作系統不熟悉，我們需要助他一臂之力

tactic 策略、手段

Howard knows all kinds of tactics to get customers to buy his products.

Howard知道所有可以讓顧客買他產品的手段

The coach suddenly changed his tactics and the opponents were completely lost.

教練突然改變他的策略，對手完全摸不著頭緒

distract 轉移、使分心

Freddy is taking a big exam tomorrow; so don’t distract him now.

Don is easily distracted, so he has to study in a quiet environment.

Don很容易分心，所以他必須在非常安靜的環境下讀書

PARENTS CAN HELP KIDS GET OVER THEIR FEARS 家長可協助孩子克服恐懼1

Useful tips on how to deal with scared kids

處理孩子恐懼心態的有用訣竅

Emily Clearwater, 7, says she isn’t afraid of anything. Her mother, Jennifer Clearwater of Port Washington.Wis., would disagree. “I know something you’re scared of that you’re not admitting to. Insects,” Jennifer said. “You’re scared of bugs!” As it turns out, Emily also is afraid of getting shots, the dark (but only “kind of”) and getting lost (which is often the subject of her bad dreams). She isn’t alone. All children have fears – it’s a natural part of life. Overcoming them is a rite of passage and a sign that we’re growing up.

For advice on coping with common childhood fears, we spoke with pediatric psychologist Andrea Begotka and clinical psychologist Kathleen Longeway of Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin.

Separation Anxiety

Why it’s common:

Begotka said this boils down to the attachment a child has to his or her parents.

How to overcome it:

Begotka’s 15-month-old son, Jake, just went through a mild separation anxiety phase. She said the key is to establish trust between you and your child. “We came and left the room frequently when home to show him that we come back when we leave.” she said.

Getting shots打針

Getting lost迷路

A rite of passage

Pediatric àchildren’s doctor

Clinical

Boil down to somethingàmain point, the source of

Phaseàstage

【Chat room】

Kind of有點、有幾分

Are you hungry?

Yes, I’m kind of hungry.

Yes, kind of.

Kinda (很口語的用法，避免用在正式的文章當中)

She’s kinda weird.她有點怪怪的

【Key word】

A rite of passage成年禮

Rite 儀式

Passage通過

In this tribe, hunting your first bear is considered an important rite of passage.

在這個部落，獵殺第一隻熊被視為重要的成年禮

Getting a part-time job in high school is a rite of passage in my family.

讀高中的時候找到一份兼差的工作是我們家的成年禮

Clinical臨床上的

Clinic 臨床

All interns are required to have hundreds of clinical training hours before they can become a formal doctor.

實習醫生需要數百小時的臨床訓練才能成為正式的醫生

Clinical trial of the treatment will take several years.

這個治療法的臨床實驗將花上好幾年的時間

Boil down to something 歸結為、歸納為

All the problems at school can be boiled down to the child’s need for attention.

這個小孩子在學校的所有問題都可以歸結到他想引人注意

BE THE BOSS自己當老闆3

Buy an existing business

Whether you want an independent company or just a franchise, there are several advantages to buying an existing business. For starters, you get a business model that has a proven capacity to make money. You also get a brand name and a pool of existing customers. If you buy a franchise, you should also receive training in how to run the business.

Be wary, though. The cost of buying an existing business can be high, especially if the business is profitable.

You should also be aware that past success is not necessarily a good indication of long-term growth potential. If buying a franchise, do some thorough research to make sure you’re getting the franchise that is right for you. No matter which entrepreneurial strategy you choose, experts agree that research and planning play an influential role in your success. A good understanding of your business and a sound business plan will greatly improve your chances of success. Work hard, be creative, and have fun!

【Chat room】

Wary謹慎、小心的[ˋwɛrɪ]

Be wary of the due date

Be wary.

Weary [ˋwɪrɪ]疲倦、疲勞、厭倦= tire

He was growing weary of studying. 他對讀書漸感厭倦

I am weary of his jokes. 我聽膩了他的笑話

【Key word】

Pool 在指非游泳池，而是指有共同用處、特質的一群人或服務、資源

The training program is establishing a pool of qualified administrative staff.

整個訓練課程建立起一群合格的行政人員

Taking car pools not only saves money, but also is good to the environment.

共程制不僅節省金錢而且對環境是好的

Indication 表示、象徵、顯示

The rise of the stock market is a clear indication that the economy is on an upswing.

股市上漲是經濟上漲一個很明顯的跡象

Chloe’s face showed no indication of how she felt.

Chloe的臉上完全沒有顯示她心裡的感受

Influential有影響力的

Susan is working for one of the most influential newspapers in the country.

Susan在全球最有影響力的報社之一工作

Cindy was quite influential in persuading the board to vote for a certain proposal.

Cindy對說服委員會投票通過某些提案有舉足輕重的影響力

Entrepreneurial 企業家、創業者

[͵ɑntrəprəˋnjʊrɪəl]

Franchise   [tiq@nufXAal] 經銷權

BE THE BOSS自己當老闆2

Cheaper choices

If you don’t have the money to start a store but want to try retail, consider one of the alternatives. Whether building your own website or using an existing system, like Yahoo! Auctions, starting an e-business has never been easier. On the downside, online businesses often have difficulty attracting and retaining customers. You might also consider direct sales through a company like Amway or Avon. Be careful, though. Finding the right company can be tough, and critics say it can be very difficult to make a profit through direct sales.

Make your own products

Not interested in retail? Why not create your own products? Advances in technology are making it easier than ever to set up micro-factories even in limited facilities. Outsourcing is also an increasingly practical option for small businesses. You can even produce your products by hand.

Becoming a producer has some obvious advantages. Owners have nearly complete control over cost, quality and design of the products they produce. Unfortunately, producing your own goods can also consume a lot of time. The alternative – outsourcing – means dealing with supply chain management, quality and cost controls.

【Grammar on the go】

On the downside, online businesses often have difficulty attracting and retaining customers.

On the downside

Downside=the part that is challenging or not so good

EX1:

The nice thing about taking the bus is that it’s cheaper; the downside is it takes longer to get to where you want to go.

EX2:

Bob’s job pays very well. The downside is he doesn’t have a lot of time with his kids.

【Chat room】

Alternative

Choice

Option

Multiple choice question 選擇題

Alternative後備、可供替代的選擇

Retain保持、留住

The team successively retained their lead through out the whole game.

這支隊伍持續地在整個比賽中都保持領先

Sherry tried to retain her control, but failed when she yelled at her boss.

Sherry試著要保持她的控制力，但當她被老闆大吼的時候就前功盡棄了

Outsourcing委外、外包

Outsourcing customer services is an efficient way to cut expenses, which many companies use now.

將客服外包是目前許多公司採取來節省開支的有效方法

Outsourcing sometimes means less local job opportunities.

外包有時代表著當地工作機會減少

Consume消耗、耗費

My kids can consume large amounts of food in a very short period of time.

These fancy cars might look nice, but they consume a lot of gasoline.

這些漂亮的車子看起來非常的棒，但他們相當的耗油。

BE THE BOSS自己當老闆

Understanding your small-business choices

了解適合你的小型企業類型

Want to start your own business? Maybe you don’t like the job you have. Maybe you want to be your own boss or just make some extra money. Whatever your motivation, there are many small-business choices available to you. Unfortunately, not all start-up strategies are created equal, and finding the right approach for your business can be difficult. To help you navigate the world of entrepreneurship, Studio Classroom has created this review of small-business start-up strategies.

Start a store

If you love the idea of owning a store, you aren’t alone. Storeowners get to decide what they will sell, where their store will be and what it will look like. They also have the chance to perform different roles in the business such as accountant, salesperson and head of human resources. A successful store can be a big moneymaker. But be prepared to pay for things like shop space and the cost of filling your store with products. You should also be ready to deal with tough competitors like large chain stores.

Navigate àfinding your way or finding the right way to go

Entrepreneurship

【Chat room】

Not all start-up strategies are created equal

All men are created equal. 人人生而平等

源自The Declaration of Independence 美國的獨立宣言

林肯總統在著名的Gettysburg Address 演講時引用了這句名言

並不是All men are created equally. (會變成重點在create 創造的這個過程)

【Key word】

Motivation 動機、動力、誘因

His family’s poor background gave Dave strong motivation to succeed.

Motive動機、目的(可數名詞)

We already began to question his motives for helping us.

我們已經開始質疑他幫助我們的動機

Start-up 新創立、新營運的公司

Over just ten years, this small start-up grew to become an international enterprise.

僅僅十年的時間，這家新創立的小公司就變成了國際型的企業了

Start-ups are especially vulnerable in times of financial depression.

在經濟肅條的時候，新創立的小公司特別脆弱。

Navigate 導航、航行

Even though the radar was broken, he navigated the ship to the port safely.

雖然雷達壞掉了，他安全地把船開到了港口

Navigate 在今天課文中是指"找到正確的方向"

Brenda needs a good agent to help her navigate the world of entertainment business.

Brenda需要一個很好的經紀人來幫助她在娛樂圈找到很好的方向

LONGBOARDING 你玩過長板了嗎？2

From style to sport

Most longboarders enjoy the feeling that the board gives, a sensation similar to surfing. But some adventures riders want more than a sensation. The sport of speedboarding appeals to these thrill-seekers who are looking for an adrenalin rush. Downhill longboards, or speedboards, are designed for riding down hills at high speeds while maintaining balance. Speedboarders compete in races or “freeride” down hills purely for enjoyment, flying down slopes in snake-like patterns. Since the sport can be dangerous, riders usually wear protective gear like suits and helmets, in the event of a fall.

Those who don’t have the need for speed put their longboards to other good uses. Riders can contend in slalom racing or long-distance riding, both of which require accuracy and strength. If you want something completely unique, there is even longboard dancing. This stylish set of moves is performed while rolling on a board. For sensation, speed or style, give a longboard a try. You might just discover you enjoy the ride.

Sensationàthe feeling

Adrenalin 腎上腺素

gear

contend

slalom 障礙、迴旋曲折

unique

【Chat room】

今天課文提到：in the event of a fall

in the event of something

event事件

in the event of 意指“如果發生什麼事”

通常代表不好的事，例如：火災、空難、地震、海嘯….等

disaster  emergency

【Key word】

Sensation感覺

The boy had a nauseated sensation after riding the roller-coaster.

這個男孩搭了雲霄飛車後有噁心的感覺

The tingling sensation, caused by the ointment, disappeared quickly.

這個藥膏造成的刺癢感覺，很快就消失了

Sensation轟動一時的人事物

The band caused a sensation in the 70’s.

這個樂團在70年代紅極一時

Contend競爭、爭奪

Top singers from all around the country contended in this singing contest on television.

All participants contending in the competition must be amateur tennis players.

這個比賽的所有參賽者都必須是業餘的網球選手

Unique獨一無二的、唯一的

The unique hairstyle became Elvis’s trademark.

貓王獨特的髮型成為了他的商標

Lack of water is not a unique problem in this region.

不是這個區域才有缺水的問題